Heat the olive oil in a big pot over medium heat. Add the onion and pepper, and cook until soft and smelling like you actually cooked something with purpose.
Add garlic and meat (if using). Cook until browned, breaking it up as you go. Season with a pinch of salt for that early flavor boost.
Stir in tomato paste and spices. Let them mingle for a minute or so until fragrant—no wand-waving, just a quick stir.
Pour in crushed tomatoes and chickpeas. Simmer gently for 10–15 minutes, letting the flavors mingle like good friends at a table.
Fold in olives and lemon juice. Taste and adjust salt, pepper, and heat to your liking.
Sprinkle with fresh herbs just before serving. If you’re fancy, drizzle a tiny extra splash of olive oil on top.